No benchmarks match these filters.
How to read this
- T1
- national or international statistical agency, registry, or large institutional survey.
- T2
- peer-reviewed study, meta-analysis, or research synthesis.
- T3
- industry or advocacy survey, indicative only.
- D
- derived estimate, always Low confidence.
Confidence (High/Med/Low) is an editorial judgment of whether the number would survive a hostile fact-check as of August 2026.
Known limitations
US and Europe remain overrepresented; schedules are recommendations rather than observed uptake; arrest rates are not direct offending; period and cohort measures coexist; some v1 sources still need per-row DOI or table-level verification.
Population uses controlled labels: exact countries, US, EU-27, Euro area, Global, OECD, Multi-country, Online sample, US online sample, and England & Wales. Vague v1 labels such as “Western” were normalized and the original label retained in Notes.